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- <text id=94TT0957>
- <title>
- Jul. 25, 1994: Science:Jupiter's Inferno
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Jul. 25, 1994 The Strange New World of the Internet
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 57
- Jupiter's Inferno
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> A comet's violent collision with the giant planet is proving
- spectacular
- </p>
- <p>By Michael D. Lemonick/Baltimore
- </p>
- <p> The initial, sketchy reports began filtering in by E-mail late
- Saturday afternoon. First a Spanish observatory announced that
- it had spotted a plume of gas billowing up from the edge of
- Jupiter. Then a group of observers in Chile confirmed the sighting,
- and so did another team based at the South Pole. But although
- the first of the 21 fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit
- the giant planet shortly after 4 p.m. Eastern time, astronomers
- at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland,
- had to wait for images to be beamed down from the orbiting Hubble
- telescope. Finally, at about 8, the first pictures came up on
- the video screen--and there, right at Jupiter's edge, was
- a bright splotch of light. "Somebody tell me that isn't one
- of Jupiter's moons," said an anxious Heidi Hammel, a planetary
- scientist from M.I.T.
- </p>
- <p> It was no moon. Despite scientists' sober warnings that the
- Great Comet Crash of 1994 might be an uneventful dud, the first
- chunk plowed into Jupiter's atmosphere with the force of perhaps
- 10 million hydrogen bombs, lofting a mushroom cloud of hot gas
- nearly 1,000 miles out into space and leaving a dark scar on
- the planet's familiar, brightly colored clouds. The assembled
- astronomers looked at the video screen for a second in silent
- disbelief--then began cheering and toasting one another with
- swigs from champagne bottles. Said Hammel: "This is the kind
- of stuff I've been dreaming about."
- </p>
- <p> Then she grabbed a bottle and ran upstairs to tell three visitors
- who had a special stake in the Hubble results: the people who
- had discovered the comet. Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker are a
- husband-and-wife scientific duo who spend their evenings scanning
- the skies for heavenly intruders; David Levy, an amateur astronomer,
- often helps them. When the partners found Shoemaker-Levy 9 in
- 1993, they knew it was unusual, and further observation revealed
- that it was not one comet but at least 21 fragments, remnants
- of a single object that had been torn apart a year earlier by
- Jupiter's gravity--and that all would crash into the massive
- planet between July 16 and July 22 in the most violent event
- in the recorded history of the solar system.
- </p>
- <p> Astronomers couldn't agree, though, on how big the pieces were,
- and thus how explosive the impacts would actually be. Just hours
- before the pictures came down, Levy had tried to downplay expectations.
- "Even if we see nothing spectacular," he argued, "this is still
- a scientifically important event." But when Hammel had brought
- the word--and the champagne--Levy and the Shoemakers could
- barely contain themselves. Said a beaming Eugene Shoemaker:
- "This is just the best possible news. And remember, this isn't
- even the biggest piece."
- </p>
- <p> In fact, it was on the small side, and the bigger chunks may
- pack up to 25 times the energy of the first. From what the experts
- could see Saturday evening and Sunday morning, they were confidently
- predicting plenty of fireworks before the last piece hits Jupiter
- early Friday. They were also forecasting a flood of major scientific
- results. The full story of Shoemaker-Levy 9's demise won't be
- known for a month or more, until all the reports come in from
- satellites and observatories, and scientists process them.
- </p>
- <p> Astronomers already realize they will have to rethink some of
- their notions about Jupiter. The distinctive mark left by the
- first impacts, for example, may point to an origin for some
- of the mysterious, semi-permanent splotches that mar the planet's
- surface. "We really don't know how the Great Red Spot was formed,"
- says Space Telescope astronomer Hal Weaver, "but it could be
- that impacts were somehow involved." As the death and postmortem
- of Comet Shoemaker-Levy unfold, that may end up being one of
- the least remarkable discoveries the scientists will make.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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